While generally regarded today as a barbaric operation exemplifying the benighted state of medical practice in medieval Europe, to its few adherents, trepanation has actually solved one of the basic dichotomies of human existence:

The split between mind and body.

While evidence of trepanation on human skulls can be dated back to 3000 B. C., its advocacy as a direct physiological shortcut to serenity is a little-discussed tangent of the psychedelic movement of the 1960s. >>>>>